1 /*
2  * Hunt - A refined core library for D programming language.
3  *
4  * Copyright (C) 2018-2019 HuntLabs
5  *
6  * Website: https://www.huntlabs.net/
7  *
8  * Licensed under the Apache-2.0 License.
9  *
10  */
11 
12 module hunt.collection.NavigableSet;
13 
14 import hunt.collection.Set;
15 import hunt.collection.SortedSet;
16 import hunt.collection.Iterator;
17 
18 /**
19  * A {@link SortedSet} extended with navigation methods reporting
20  * closest matches for given search targets. Methods {@code lower},
21  * {@code floor}, {@code ceiling}, and {@code higher} return elements
22  * respectively less than, less than or equal, greater than or equal,
23  * and greater than a given element, returning {@code null} if there
24  * is no such element.  A {@code NavigableSet} may be accessed and
25  * traversed in either ascending or descending order.  The {@code
26  * descendingSet} method returns a view of the set with the senses of
27  * all relational and directional methods inverted. The performance of
28  * ascending operations and views is likely to be faster than that of
29  * descending ones.  This interface additionally defines methods
30  * {@code pollFirst} and {@code pollLast} that return and remove the
31  * lowest and highest element, if one exists, else returning {@code
32  * null}.  Methods {@code subSet}, {@code headSet},
33  * and {@code tailSet} differ from the like-named {@code
34  * SortedSet} methods in accepting additional arguments describing
35  * whether lower and upper bounds are inclusive versus exclusive.
36  * Subsets of any {@code NavigableSet} must implement the {@code
37  * NavigableSet} interface.
38  *
39  * <p> The return values of navigation methods may be ambiguous in
40  * implementations that permit {@code null} elements. However, even
41  * in this case the result can be disambiguated by checking
42  * {@code contains(null)}. To avoid such issues, implementations of
43  * this interface are encouraged to <em>not</em> permit insertion of
44  * {@code null} elements. (Note that sorted sets of {@link
45  * Comparable} elements intrinsically do not permit {@code null}.)
46  *
47  * <p>Methods
48  * {@link #subSet(Object, Object) subSet(E, E)},
49  * {@link #headSet(Object) headSet(E)}, and
50  * {@link #tailSet(Object) tailSet(E)}
51  * are specified to return {@code SortedSet} to allow existing
52  * implementations of {@code SortedSet} to be compatibly retrofitted to
53  * implement {@code NavigableSet}, but extensions and implementations
54  * of this interface are encouraged to override these methods to return
55  * {@code NavigableSet}.
56  *
57  * <p>This interface is a member of the
58  * <a href="{@docRoot}/../technotes/guides/collections/index.html">
59  * Java Collections Framework</a>.
60  *
61  * @author Doug Lea
62  * @author Josh Bloch
63  * @param (E) the type of elements maintained by this set
64  * @since 1.6
65  */
66 interface NavigableSet(E) : SortedSet!(E) {
67     /**
68      * Returns the greatest element in this set strictly less than the
69      * given element, or {@code null} if there is no such element.
70      *
71      * @param e the value to match
72      * @return the greatest element less than {@code e},
73      *         or {@code null} if there is no such element
74      * @throws ClassCastException if the specified element cannot be
75      *         compared with the elements currently in the set
76      * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
77      *         and this set does not permit null elements
78      */
79     E lower(E e);
80 
81     /**
82      * Returns the greatest element in this set less than or equal to
83      * the given element, or {@code null} if there is no such element.
84      *
85      * @param e the value to match
86      * @return the greatest element less than or equal to {@code e},
87      *         or {@code null} if there is no such element
88      * @throws ClassCastException if the specified element cannot be
89      *         compared with the elements currently in the set
90      * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
91      *         and this set does not permit null elements
92      */
93     E floor(E e);
94 
95     /**
96      * Returns the least element in this set greater than or equal to
97      * the given element, or {@code null} if there is no such element.
98      *
99      * @param e the value to match
100      * @return the least element greater than or equal to {@code e},
101      *         or {@code null} if there is no such element
102      * @throws ClassCastException if the specified element cannot be
103      *         compared with the elements currently in the set
104      * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
105      *         and this set does not permit null elements
106      */
107     E ceiling(E e);
108 
109     /**
110      * Returns the least element in this set strictly greater than the
111      * given element, or {@code null} if there is no such element.
112      *
113      * @param e the value to match
114      * @return the least element greater than {@code e},
115      *         or {@code null} if there is no such element
116      * @throws ClassCastException if the specified element cannot be
117      *         compared with the elements currently in the set
118      * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
119      *         and this set does not permit null elements
120      */
121     E higher(E e);
122 
123     /**
124      * Retrieves and removes the first (lowest) element,
125      * or returns {@code null} if this set is empty.
126      *
127      * @return the first element, or {@code null} if this set is empty
128      */
129     E pollFirst();
130 
131     /**
132      * Retrieves and removes the last (highest) element,
133      * or returns {@code null} if this set is empty.
134      *
135      * @return the last element, or {@code null} if this set is empty
136      */
137     E pollLast();
138 
139     /**
140      * Returns an iterator over the elements in this set, in ascending order.
141      *
142      * @return an iterator over the elements in this set, in ascending order
143      */
144     // Iterator!(E) iterator();
145 
146     /**
147      * Returns a reverse order view of the elements contained in this set.
148      * The descending set is backed by this set, so changes to the set are
149      * reflected in the descending set, and vice-versa.  If either set is
150      * modified while an iteration over either set is in progress (except
151      * through the iterator's own {@code remove} operation), the results of
152      * the iteration are undefined.
153      *
154      * <p>The returned set has an ordering equivalent to
155      * <tt>{@link Collections#reverseOrder(Comparator) Collections.reverseOrder}(comparator())</tt>.
156      * The expression {@code s.descendingSet().descendingSet()} returns a
157      * view of {@code s} essentially equivalent to {@code s}.
158      *
159      * @return a reverse order view of this set
160      */
161     // NavigableSet!(E) descendingSet();
162 
163     /**
164      * Returns an iterator over the elements in this set, in descending order.
165      * Equivalent in effect to {@code descendingSet().iterator()}.
166      *
167      * @return an iterator over the elements in this set, in descending order
168      */
169     // Iterator!(E) descendingIterator();
170 
171     /**
172      * Returns a view of the portion of this set whose elements range from
173      * {@code fromElement} to {@code toElement}.  If {@code fromElement} and
174      * {@code toElement} are equal, the returned set is empty unless {@code
175      * fromInclusive} and {@code toInclusive} are both true.  The returned set
176      * is backed by this set, so changes in the returned set are reflected in
177      * this set, and vice-versa.  The returned set supports all optional set
178      * operations that this set supports.
179      *
180      * <p>The returned set will throw an {@code IllegalArgumentException}
181      * on an attempt to insert an element outside its range.
182      *
183      * @param fromElement low endpoint of the returned set
184      * @param fromInclusive {@code true} if the low endpoint
185      *        is to be included in the returned view
186      * @param toElement high endpoint of the returned set
187      * @param toInclusive {@code true} if the high endpoint
188      *        is to be included in the returned view
189      * @return a view of the portion of this set whose elements range from
190      *         {@code fromElement}, inclusive, to {@code toElement}, exclusive
191      * @throws ClassCastException if {@code fromElement} and
192      *         {@code toElement} cannot be compared to one another using this
193      *         set's comparator (or, if the set has no comparator, using
194      *         natural ordering).  Implementations may, but are not required
195      *         to, throw this exception if {@code fromElement} or
196      *         {@code toElement} cannot be compared to elements currently in
197      *         the set.
198      * @throws NullPointerException if {@code fromElement} or
199      *         {@code toElement} is null and this set does
200      *         not permit null elements
201      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code fromElement} is
202      *         greater than {@code toElement}; or if this set itself
203      *         has a restricted range, and {@code fromElement} or
204      *         {@code toElement} lies outside the bounds of the range.
205      */
206     NavigableSet!(E) subSet(E fromElement, bool fromInclusive,
207                            E toElement,   bool toInclusive);
208 
209     /**
210      * Returns a view of the portion of this set whose elements are less than
211      * (or equal to, if {@code inclusive} is true) {@code toElement}.  The
212      * returned set is backed by this set, so changes in the returned set are
213      * reflected in this set, and vice-versa.  The returned set supports all
214      * optional set operations that this set supports.
215      *
216      * <p>The returned set will throw an {@code IllegalArgumentException}
217      * on an attempt to insert an element outside its range.
218      *
219      * @param toElement high endpoint of the returned set
220      * @param inclusive {@code true} if the high endpoint
221      *        is to be included in the returned view
222      * @return a view of the portion of this set whose elements are less than
223      *         (or equal to, if {@code inclusive} is true) {@code toElement}
224      * @throws ClassCastException if {@code toElement} is not compatible
225      *         with this set's comparator (or, if the set has no comparator,
226      *         if {@code toElement} does not implement {@link Comparable}).
227      *         Implementations may, but are not required to, throw this
228      *         exception if {@code toElement} cannot be compared to elements
229      *         currently in the set.
230      * @throws NullPointerException if {@code toElement} is null and
231      *         this set does not permit null elements
232      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if this set itself has a
233      *         restricted range, and {@code toElement} lies outside the
234      *         bounds of the range
235      */
236     NavigableSet!(E) headSet(E toElement, bool inclusive);
237 
238     /**
239      * Returns a view of the portion of this set whose elements are greater
240      * than (or equal to, if {@code inclusive} is true) {@code fromElement}.
241      * The returned set is backed by this set, so changes in the returned set
242      * are reflected in this set, and vice-versa.  The returned set supports
243      * all optional set operations that this set supports.
244      *
245      * <p>The returned set will throw an {@code IllegalArgumentException}
246      * on an attempt to insert an element outside its range.
247      *
248      * @param fromElement low endpoint of the returned set
249      * @param inclusive {@code true} if the low endpoint
250      *        is to be included in the returned view
251      * @return a view of the portion of this set whose elements are greater
252      *         than or equal to {@code fromElement}
253      * @throws ClassCastException if {@code fromElement} is not compatible
254      *         with this set's comparator (or, if the set has no comparator,
255      *         if {@code fromElement} does not implement {@link Comparable}).
256      *         Implementations may, but are not required to, throw this
257      *         exception if {@code fromElement} cannot be compared to elements
258      *         currently in the set.
259      * @throws NullPointerException if {@code fromElement} is null
260      *         and this set does not permit null elements
261      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if this set itself has a
262      *         restricted range, and {@code fromElement} lies outside the
263      *         bounds of the range
264      */
265     NavigableSet!(E) tailSet(E fromElement, bool inclusive);
266 
267     /**
268      * {@inheritDoc}
269      *
270      * <p>Equivalent to {@code subSet(fromElement, true, toElement, false)}.
271      *
272      * @throws ClassCastException       {@inheritDoc}
273      * @throws NullPointerException     {@inheritDoc}
274      * @throws IllegalArgumentException {@inheritDoc}
275      */
276     SortedSet!(E) subSet(E fromElement, E toElement);
277 
278     /**
279      * {@inheritDoc}
280      *
281      * <p>Equivalent to {@code headSet(toElement, false)}.
282      *
283      * @throws ClassCastException       {@inheritDoc}
284      * @throws NullPointerException     {@inheritDoc}
285      * @throws IllegalArgumentException {@inheritDoc}
286      */
287     SortedSet!(E) headSet(E toElement);
288 
289     /**
290      * {@inheritDoc}
291      *
292      * <p>Equivalent to {@code tailSet(fromElement, true)}.
293      *
294      * @throws ClassCastException       {@inheritDoc}
295      * @throws NullPointerException     {@inheritDoc}
296      * @throws IllegalArgumentException {@inheritDoc}
297      */
298     SortedSet!(E) tailSet(E fromElement);
299 }